Definition of Horticultural Society in Sociology

A horticultural society is one in which people subsist through the cultivation of plants for food consumption without the use of mechanized tools or the use of animals to pull plows. This makes horticultural societies distinct from agrarian societies, which do use these tools, and from pastoral societies, which rely on the cultivate of herd animals for subsistence. Overview of Horticultural Societies Horticultural societies developed around 7000 BCE in the Middle East and gradually spread west through Europe and Africa and east through Asia. They were the first type of society in which people grew their own food, rather than relying strictly on the hunter-gather technique. This means that they were also the first type of society in which settlements were permanent or at least semi-permanent. As a result, the accumulation of food and goods was possible, and with it, a more complex division of labor, more substantial dwellings, and a small amount of trade. There are both simple and more advanced forms of cultivation used in horticultural societies. The most simple use tools such as axes (to clear forest) and wooden sticks and metal spades for digging. More advanced forms may use foot-plows and manure, terracing and irrigation, and rest plots of land in fallow periods. In some cases, people combine horticulture with hunting or fishing, or with the keeping of a few domesticated farm animals. The number of different kinds of crops featured in gardens of horticultural societies can number as high 100  and are often a combination of both wild and domesticated plants. Because the tools of cultivation used are rudimentary and non-mechanic, this form of agriculture is not particularly productive. Because of this, the number of people composing a horticultural society is typically rather low, though can be relatively high, depending on the conditions and technology. Social and Political Structures of Horticultural Societies Horticultural societies were documented by anthropologists all over the world, using various types of tools and technologies, in many different climatic and ecological conditions. Because of these variables, there was also variety in the social and political structures of these societies in history, and in those that exist today. Horticultural societies can have a matrilineal or patrilineal social organization. In either, ties focused on kinship are common, though larger horticultural societies will have more complex forms of social organization. Throughout history, many were matrilineal because the social ties and structure were organized around the feminized work of crop cultivation. (Conversely, hunter-gatherer societies were typically patrilineal because their social ties and structure were organized around the masculinized work of hunting.) Because women are at the center of work and survival in horticultural societies, they are highly valuable to men. For this reason, polygyny—when a husband has multiple wives—is common. Meanwhile, it is common in horticultural societies that men take on political or militaristic roles. Politics in horticultural societies is often centered on the redistribution of food and resources within the community. Evolution of Horticultural Societies The kind of agriculture practiced by horticultural societies is considered a pre-industrial subsistence method. In most places around the world, as technology was developed and where animals were available for plowing, agrarian societies developed. However, this is not exclusively true. Horticultural societies exist to this day  and can be found primarily in wet, tropical climates in Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Problem Of Drug Addiction - 974 Words

When people think of diseases, what do they think of? Generally we think of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, etc†¦ One that people do not generally associate with the term â€Å"disease† is an addiction, whether a person is addicted to alcohol, methamphetamines, marijuana or over the counter drugs, people often have different sides to this. Some may say that an addiction is a disease; others say that an addiction is just a poor choice of a person’s life. The National Institute on Drug Abuse states that â€Å"†¦drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting takes more than good intentions or a strong will. In fact, because drugs change the brain in ways that foster compulsive drug abuse, quitting is difficult, even for those who are ready to do so.† Many people think that a disease is something that is always labeled as one while others think that addiction is also a disease. While all people are entitle d to their own opinions, there is an answer that can be proven through substantial research. An addiction is a disease. Alcohol dates all the way back to 3500 B.C. and drugs dates back to 2500 B.C. so two very powerful things in the world today have been around for a very long time. People have had addiction to drugs and alcohol ever since they discovered that it was fun to do, or solve their problems and worries. An addiction takes place when there is a disease of the limbic part of the brain (Adam, â€Å"Your Brain On Drugs†). Ncra VolkowShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Drug Addiction1233 Words   |  5 PagesThis report will outline the problems of drug addiction that have arisen in the young teens and as well give possible solutions on how to overcome it. Drug addiction, increasing immensely in our society, is currently the biggest problem in young teens these days. Looking at the future of our country drowning in drugs is a big disappointment. To prevent drug addiction pa rents should guide their children into the right path, schools should promote healthy living, and the government should step forwardRead MoreDrug Addiction Problem1399 Words   |  6 PagesSolving the Problem of Drug Addiction 1.Drug abuse and addiction continues to be a global issue. According to the â€Å"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime† (UNODC), about 5% of the global population used an illicit drug in 2010 alone, and about 27 million or 0.6 percent of the adult population of the world can be categorized as drug abusers. A7 2.This paper explores some of the measures that can be taken to resolve the drug addiction problem in the world. 3.Addressing various risk and protectiveRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction952 Words   |  4 Pagesperson initially taking drugs can vary and while the action itself is voluntary: the eventual drug addiction is essentially involuntary. Drug addiction is a complex and chronic disease, a brain disease, which changes the way the brain functions. Drug addiction, much like chronic illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes, disrupts healthy, normal functioning organs. This has harmful consequences that are both preventable and treatable (Branch, 2011, pp.263-265). Drug addiction is considered a brainRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction930 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumed alcohol, 15% have smoked cigarettes, and 16.5% have used marijuana. † A drug can be defined as a something which â€Å"alters your mind or body that is not food † which is something all of these substances have in common. There has been a massive increase in underage consumption of illegal substances in the last several decades. These substances which young people are using are known for being very addictive. 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When the addiction starts addicts have no idea that they would be so in to it that there is no possible way to stop. Addiction is a chronic, weakened disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use despiteRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction2110 Words   |  9 PagesMODEL(S) OF ADDICTION In going through the counseling process with Marge she was explained that there is the possibility that it could be a factor of genetics. When considering her background one has realized that she not only has an alcohol addiction, but it was the same for her father and her uncle, both of whom had lost their lives to the disease. In talking about the disease model with Marge she seemed to be more at ease with the situation and more willing to accept the fact that she does have

The Pitfall of Book Review Essay Samples

The Pitfall of Book Review Essay Samples Get the Scoop on Book Review Essay Samples Before You're Too Late So now you've got a book to assess and reasonable assurance it'll be published if you do a great job. In the finished portion of the writing you should express your opinion about the reading. You need to add here a summary of the theme, the aim of your writing, and your evaluation. A student who's very insightful is very likely to find high marks in the book review assignment. When you realize that you're unable to finish a paper by yourself, the ideal decision would be to seek writing assistance from a specialist. So, the NY books review site is an excellent place to acquire good info. When many sites offer access to essay samples for some fee, all of our samples which you can find on our resource are at no cost. Just visit the search field, put in your topic and realize the list of essays collected from our site. What You Don't Know About Book Review Essay Samples Our writers have been doing such a work for several years. For example, there are so a lot of them in US magazines. Book writing isn't a simple skill because, as most of us know, lots of people have tried yet became unsuccessful in the practice. Type of Book Review Essay Samples A book review is an overview of a book which you've read. Identify one specific area where you believe the book could be made better. You may also rate the book. A book has about a couple of leading themes. If there's an identifiable thesis statement, you can think about quoting it directly. The student describes the topic of the book and gives an accurate overview of its contents. When you compose a book, you're in a position to talk about your ideas and present realizations which you cannot find elsewhere. When you start writing the review, consider what your thesis is. The Book Review Essay Samples Stories There are several sorts of book reviews. There are some matters you must put in your book review, and some which are helpful. The very first step to writing a thriving book review is definitely to earn a review draft. If you're keen to compose your very first book review, a reactive commission is just about the thing to do. The main aim of every book review is to present the recent productions to individuals that are interested. If you aren't sure about how to begin developing a book review, there are lots of resources on the internet that will be able to help you out. The draft is the skeleton of the review and supplies a summary of how the last copy ought to be. It's possible to even get templates of reviews and the criteria which might be placed on the format. Furthermore, all our writers have to under strict vetting processes to make sure they can deliver top-notch quality at the highest degree. The type of thinking you will need to utilize in writing reviews is the sort of thinking you will need to make intelligent choices in life. Before reading the film review essay example, make sure you're utilizing a trustworthy source. In reality, a number of his works are thought to be memes which they are so common. The Importance of Book Review Essay Samples Therefore, if you think there are diff erent books they may like, you can mention them. Book writing is in addition the ability to produce characters and stories that give a considerable lesson which everyone can take away. If you obtain nightmares easily, Coraline isn't a fantastic book for you. The film Dances with Wolves provides us with a chance to journey from a cozy world which might be founded on hastily established stereotypes, into a huge truth. There are writers around who possess the very same talent and skill in writing. Be certain that you document the exact important pieces of the book like the theme, characters and what the plot is. Another kid with different interests might see that book perfect for them. When it is, explain your reasons and your reactions to the book and prevent oversimplifying them.